设施农田土壤重金属污染评价及分区阈值研究

设施农田高强度的耕作模式使土壤重金属累积日益加重，因地制宜地确定其土壤重金属目标值与筛选值对设施农田可持续生产意义重大。本文以石家庄、衡水与唐山为研究区，基于土壤重金属污染风险和生态风险评价，用熵权法得出综合风险等级并确定重金属污染分区阈值。结果表明土壤Cd、Cu、Zn污染最严重，高风险区占比达40.57%。研究区设施农田土壤Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn全量与有效态的目标值分别为0.12、40.17、19.23、116.03 mg·kg^-1与0.02、4.19、0.59、8.80 mg·kg^-1；筛选值分别为0.40、90.27、38.33、170.68 mg·kg^-1与0.11、11.77、1.55、14.24 mg·kg^-1。基于综合评价结果反推分区阈值的方法简单便捷，重金属全量与有效态的目标值及筛选值的确定为研究区设施农田重金属污染的预防提供了多方位的指导。     

Characterization and bioactivities of young rice protein hydrolysates

Immature rice was reported to contain higher quantities of bioactive compounds than mature rice. Young rice protein is easy to digest and has hypoallergenic potential, with protein content of 7.2–11.5% compared to rice bran at 9.8%. Few studies have reported on bioactivities and characterization of young rice proteins and their hydrolysates. Bioactivities of native protein and protein hydrolysates of two rice varieties (white rice and colored rice) were characterized and investigated for four development stages (flowery, milky, dough, and mature). Degree of hydrolysis of young rice protein was considerably higher than at the mature stage. Highest DPPH and iron chelating activity were found in alcalase® protein hydrolysate during the flowery-to-milky stage. Iron chelating activity was constant in all development stages because of the low polar amino acid content in rice. The ACE activity of alcalase® protein hydrolysate was higher than native protein at the same development stage, as observed in the milky and dough stages. Inhibitory activity of young rice hydrolysate HepG2 cells was concentration-dependent and not correlated with protein molecular size.     

常用肥料对作物重金属积累的影响及其机理研究进展

我国肥料用量和种类均日益增多，其重金属含量及对作物重金属积累影响复杂，亟待全面开展肥料重金属安全性评价工作。从常见肥料重金属含量、肥料对作物积累重金属的影响及影响机理三方面阐述了肥料重金属安全性评价的研究进展。有机肥和固废堆肥重金属污染问题严重，无机化肥和其他新型肥料中重金属污染问题也不容忽视。肥料一方面可以作为重金属污染源对土壤和作物造成重金属污染，另一方面也可能通过改变土壤中重金属的赋存形态、影响作物根对重金属的吸收和根向地上部分的转运等生化机理而影响作物中重金属含量。在比较了常见肥料中重金属污染特征、生物积累行为及机理基础上，对肥料重金属安全性评价的研究前景进行了展望。     

湘西不同植被类型土壤重金属分布及相关性研究

【目的】探讨湘西地区不同植被下土壤环境的状况,揭示土壤富集重金属元素的规律。【方法】以湖南湘西地区针叶林、针阔混交林、阔叶林和灌木林4种森林土壤不同层次(0~15 cm和15~30 cm)的Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn为研究对象,采用单因素分析法和主成分分析法分析重金属分布及相关性。【结果】不同植被下土壤中5种重金属含量的变异系数为0.18%~0.69%,由大到小的排列顺序为Cu>Zn>Ni>Pb>Cd。主成分分析表明Cu和Cd在PC1中有较大的荷载值,在PC2中有中等的荷载值。各因素相关性分析结果显示,灌木林土壤容重与Zn之间存在显著的负相关性,针叶林土壤容重与Cu之间存在显著的正相关性;灌木林土壤有机质与Cd之间有显著的正相关性,针叶林土壤pH值与Ni和Zn之间有显著的正相关性;针阔混交林土壤pH值与Pb、Cu和Ni之间存在显著的正相关性,灌木林土壤重金属含量之间的相关性较显著。【结论】湘西地区不同植被类型土壤重金属含量的垂直分布规律存在差异,表现为针阔混交林的上层土壤中重金属含量均低于下层土壤,常绿阔叶林的上层土壤中重金属含量均高于下层土壤,而针叶林和灌木林土壤中重金属含量无差异性变化;湘西地区土壤容重、有机质、坡度、pH值、土层厚度对Cd含量的影响较大,海拔对Pb、Ni和Cu的影响较大,坡度对Ni的影响较大;湘西地区灌木林中重金属来源相同的可能性相较于其他3种植被类型更大。     

芥菜吸收积累重金属研究进展

指出了土壤重金属污染状况和由此导致的蔬菜重金属污染风险不容忽视。针对不同品种芥菜吸收和积累重金属的特性、吸收机制以及应用方面进行了综述,为研究芥菜吸收积累重金属的机理和应用提供参考。     

Analysis of sinking death using video images of the swimming performance of Pacific Bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) larvae

In this study, we aimed to clarify the mechanism of sinking death during the larval stage of Pacific Bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis by investigating the effects of swimming performance on sinking death, using a behavioral approach. Swimming performance was examined 3–9 days after hatching (DAH) under day and night light conditions in cuboid experimental tanks. Swimming behavior variables such as swimming speed and swimming angle were measured under both light conditions. Larvae in the daytime experiment and larvae with inflated swim bladders at night were distributed on the surface layer of the water column. In contrast, larvae with uninflated swim bladders at night were frequently observed swimming vertically or sinking to the bottom of the tank. Larvae with inflated swim bladders at night were always distributed beneath the surface until the next morning (survival rates were 100 %). However, larvae with uninflated swim bladders at night swam upward repeatedly and later sank to the bottom of the tank (survival rates were 60 % and 38 % at 5 and 9 DAH, respectively). Larvae with uninflated swim bladders were not always able to maintain their swimming depth by swimming until the next morning. Additionally, their swimming speed and vertical swimming frequency (ratio) depended on the illumination and swim bladder conditions. Our findings show that larvae with uninflated swim bladders at night were associated with a higher risk of sinking death. The swimming energy capacity of Pacific Bluefin tuna larvae, which indicates the total amount of the energy that enables individuals to swim throughout the night without feeding, was found to be linked to sinking death.     

养殖环境对小龙虾体内的重金属水平及其分布的影响研究

本实验研究小龙虾各部位重金属的分布规律以及环境对小龙虾影响,并探索小龙虾在富集和去除重金属方面的潜在价值。选择泰州与连云港的小龙虾及养殖底泥和水体进行取样,利用AAS和ICP-AES检测了样品中Zn、Cu、Pb、Cr、Ni和Cd的浓度。实验表明：小龙虾肉可以放心食用,但虾头(含虾黄)与虾壳中重金属均严重超标；龙虾按不同周期检测出来的重金属数据相差不大,按雄雌来分也无明显变化规律。Pearson 相关性分析表明小龙虾体内重金属与底泥高度相关(r>0.8)。人工饲养小龙虾实验结果显示小龙虾体内重金属和水体内的浓度总体上具一定的相关性。     

电动技术去除剩余污泥中重金属

电动技术去除污泥中重金属受到多种因素的影响，因此非常有必要探讨适宜的修复参数。本论文系统研究了电解时间、介质pH、强化剂种类、电压和超声振荡时间等因素对电动力学去除剩余污泥中重金属Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr的影响。结果表明，最适宜的电解时间为12 h，最佳介质pH为2，最适电压为1.5 V·cm^-1，最适宜的超声振荡时间为1.0 h。添加EDTA对剩余污泥中Ni的去除效果最佳，最佳添加浓度为0.20 mol·L^-1；添加柠檬酸对剩余污泥中Zn的去除效果最佳，最佳添加浓度为0.25 mol·L^-1；酒石酸对剩余污泥中Cu的去除效果最佳，最佳添加浓度为0.25 mol·L^-1。研究为电动技术去除剩余污泥中重金属的实践提供了理论参考。     

微流控芯片在农产品安全检测中的应用

近年来,随着食品工业的迅猛发展,国内外食品安全事故也频繁发生。开发安全可靠、便携有效的检测方法对食品安全至关重要。微流控芯片集样品前处理、分离和检测等过程为一体,实现了样品前处理和检测分析的自动化、集成化、小型化、低消耗、高效率和便携化,满足了现场、实时检测的需求。本研究对微流控芯片在食品成分、农药残留、兽药残留、食品添加剂和重金属检测中的应用进行归纳总结,为农产品安全检测提供参考。     

Combination of serum phosphorylated neurofilament heavy subunit and hyperintensity of intramedullary T2W on magnetic resonance imaging provides better prognostic value of canine thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of concurrent measurement of serum phosphorylated neurofilament heavy subunit (pNF-H) concentration and intramedullary T2W hyperintensity in paraplegic to paraplegic dogs. Our hypothesis was that concurrent measurement of these would provide a more accurate prediction of functional outcome in dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH). A prospective case-control clinical study was designed using 94 dogs with acute onset of thoracolumbar IVDH. The association of serum pNF-H concentration, T2W hyperintensity on sagittal MRI (T2H/L2), deep pain perception and surgical outcome were evaluated with logistic regression analysis after three months for all 94 surgically treated dogs. Sensitivity to predict non-ambulatory outcome was compared among pNF-H and T2H/L2 and combination of both. Logistic regression analysis indicated that serum pNF-H concentration and T2H/L2 were significantly correlated with surgical outcome (P<0.05); however, deep pain perception was not (P=0.41). The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that the odds ratios of unsuccessful long-term outcome were 2.6 for serum pNF-H concentration, 1.9 for T2H/L2 and 2.3 for deep pain sensation. The sensitivity and specificity to predict non-ambulatory outcome for using serum parameter pNF-H>2.6 ng/ml, using T2H/L2 value of>0.84 and using both serum pNF-H and T2H/L2, were 95% and 75.7%, 65% and 86.5%, and 90.0% and 97.5%, respectively. Therefore, combined measurements of serum pNF-H and T2H/L2 might be useful for predicting long-term outcome in dogs with thoracolumbar IVDH.